ขมิ้นชัน (KHAMIN CHAN) -

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Thai Herbal Pharmacopoeia

สำนักยาและวัตถุเสพติด กรมวิทยาศาสตร์การแพทย์ กระทรวงสาธารณสุข

Bureau of Drug and Narcotic, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health

ขมิ้นชัน (KHAMIN CHAN)

Turmeric
Category Stomachic, carminative, pharmaceutic aid (colouring agent), astringent.

KHAMIN CHAN pp. 177‒185
Replace with the following:
ขมิ้นชัน (KHAMIN CHAN)
Curcumae Longae Rhizoma, Curcumae Domesticae Rhizoma
Turmeric
Synonyms Curcuma, Indian Saffron, Yellow Root
Category Stomachic, carminative, pharmaceutic aid (colouring agent), astringent.
Turmeric is the dried rhizome of Curcuma longa L. (C. domes tica Valeton) (Family
Zingiberaceae), Herbarium Specimen Number: DMSC 31, 1410, 1458, Crude Drug
Number: DMSc 0012.
Constituents Turmeric contains yellow volatile oil, of which turmerone and zingiberene are
its major components, and curcuminoids, of which curcumin, desmethoxycurcumin, and
bisdesmethoxycurcumin are its major components.
Description of the plant (Figs. 1a, 1b) Perennial herb with a thick, ellipsoid-ovate rhizome,
orange inside, giving rise to short blunt daughter rhizomes called fingers; leafy shoots up to
1 m tall, bearing 6 to 10 leaves. Leaves simple, glabrous, lamina, elliptic, oblong-elliptic or
lanceolate, 30 to 45 cm long, 10 to 15 cm wide, apex acuminate, base narrow; petiole as long
as lamina (rather abruptly broadened to leaf sheath, forming a pseudos tem). Inflorescence
scape from the apex of the rhizome; peduncle 15 cm or more long; spike 10 to 15 cm long,
5 to 7 cm in diameter; bract, white or white with green, 5 to 6 cm long, each subtending
flowers; bracteole thin, pale green and tinged with pink, elliptic to ovate, up to 3.5 cm long.
Flowers as long as the bracts; calyx whitish tubular, unilateral split, unequally toothed;
corolla white, tubular at base, upper half cup-shaped with 3 unequal lobes inserted on edge
of cup lip; lateral staminode petaloid, oblong, folder under the dorsal petal, staminode and
lip creamy-white with yellow median band, filament united to another about the middle of
the pollen sac, spurred at base; ovary trilocular. Fruit capsule, globose to ellipsoid. Seed
arillate.
Description
Macroscopical (Fig. 1a) Dried rhizome occurs as an ovate, oblong or pear-shaped of round turmeric; cylindrical and often short-branched of long turmeric; the round about half as
broad as long, the long 2 to 5 cm long and 1 to 2 cm thick; externally yellowish to yellowish
brown, with root scars and annulations, the latter from the scars of leaf bases; fracture horny;
internally orange-yellow to orange, waxy, showing a cortex separated from a central cylinder
(about twice as broad as cortex) by a distinct endodermis; in both cortex and central cylinder,
scattered bundles are seen.
Microscopical (Figs. 2a, 2b) Transverse section of the rhizome shows epidermis
consisting of a layer of rectangular cells; covering trichomes, unicellular, up to 280 µm long.
Hypodermis composed of 3 to 6 layers in the mature rhizome, but absent in the younger.
Cork, 4 to 6 layers of rectangular cells. Cortex composed of thin-walled parenchyma
cells containing numerous starch grains, yellowish oil droplets and yellow colouring matter
occasionally seen; starch grains, simple, flattened, rounded to oval or irregular in outline,
very faint transverse striations could be seen in some granules. Endodermis, a layer of
thin-walled cells. Stele, thin-walled parenchyma cells containing numerous starch grains,
yellowish oil droplets and yellow colouring matter. Fibrovascular bundles, non-lignified
walled cells, scattered in cortex and s tele; vessels, spiral, scalariform and reticulate.
Turmeric in powder possesses the diagnostic microscopical characters of the unground
drug.

ตำรามาตรฐานยาสมุนไพรไทย

Thai Herbal Pharmacopoeia

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