สารบัญ

ส้มป่อย, ฝัก (SOMPOI, FAK)
ส้มขอน, ฝัก (SOM KHON, FAK)
Senegaliae Rugatae Fructus
Senegalia Rugata Pod
Category Expectorant, laxative.
      Senegalia Rugata Pod is the dried ripe pod of Senegalia rugata (Lam.) Britton & Rose
[Acacia concinna (Willd.) DC.] (Family Leguminosae-Mimosoideae), Herbarium Specimen
Number: DMSC 5337, Crude Drug Number: DMSc 1237.
Constituents Senegalia Rugata Pod contains triterpenoids (e.g., lupeol) and triterpenoid
saponins. It also contains terpenoids, fatty acids, etc.
Description of the plant (Fig. 1) Woody climber or scandent shrub, rarely small tree, 3 to
6 m tall; stem and branch spiny, velutinous to tomentose, glabrescent, without glandular
hairs. Stipule cordate, 3 to 8 mm long, 1 to 6 mm wide, caducous. Leaves bipinnate, spirally
arranged, rachis 6 to 16 cm long; petiole 1.2 to 5.2 cm long, with gland at 0.4 to 2.7 cm above
base; pinnae (4–)5 to 10 pairs, (1.5–)2 to 9 cm long, with glands at junctions of 1- to 3-distal
pairs; leaflets 10 to 35 pairs per pinna, opposite, sessile, narrowly oblong, 0.3 to 1.2 cm long,
0.8 to 3(–4.8) mm wide, apex asymmetrically rounded to sharply acute, mucronate-apiculate,
always bent forwards, base asymmetrically truncate, margin mostly ciliate, both surfaces
glabrous to sericeous, main vein marginal at base, not parallel to upper margin, often with
2 or more accessory veins at base, lateral veins conspicuous, reticulate. Inflorescence
capitulate, axillary, 1 to 3 heads per node, each consisting of 35 to 45 flowers; peduncle
2.5 to 3.2 mm long, densely pubescent; bract oblong, 0.5 to 1 mm long, reddish. Flower
whitish; calyx 2 to 3.2 mm long, tube glabrous to puberulous, lobes 5, triangular to ovate,
0.1 to 0.5(–0.9) mm long, apex acute, glabrous to puberulous; corolla (2.3–)3 to 4 mm long,
tube glabrous, lobes 5, ovate to ovate-oblong, 0.5 to 1 mm long, apex acute, glabrous; ovary
superior, oblong, 0.8 to 1.5 mm long, glabrous to sericeous, 10- to 12-ovuled, stipitate; stipe
1 to 1.5 mm long. Fruit a pod, oblong, 1 to 1.5 cm long, 1.7 to 2.7 cm wide, margin often
sinuate, pod straight, flattened, thick, reddish green, becoming very wrinkled when dried,
glabrous, more or less segmented, often falling apart into 1-seeded segments. Seeds 5 to 12,
oblong to obovate, 0.6 to 1 cm long, 4.5 to 8 mm wide, flattened, black, and shiny.
Description Odour, characteristic; taste, slightly sour and astringent.
     Macroscopical (Fig. 1) Complete or fragmented pod. Complete pod oblong, 1 to 1.5
cm long, 1.7 to 2.7 cm wide, surface rough, margin often sinuate, straight, flattened, thick,
dark brown to blackish, wrinkled, glabrous, more or less segmented, often falling apart into
1-seeded segments. Seed elliptic to orbicular, 0.6 to 1 cm long, 4.5 to 8 mm wide, flattened,
blackish, and shiny.
    Microscopical (Figs. 2a–2d) Transverse section of the pod shows pericarp and seed.
Pericarp: rectangular epidermal layer; sclerenchymatous layers; parenchyma cells, some
containing prismatic crystals or starch grains; vascular bundles; thick-walled, filiform, and
thin-walled sclereids. Seed: testa, covered with thick cuticle layer, a layer of light-line
macrosclereids, sclereids some containing brownish substance, and group of compressed
sclereids; cotyledons 2, composed of parenchyma, some containing various sizes of starch
grains or rosette aggregate crystals.

      Senegalia Rugata Pod in powder possesses the diagnostic microscopical characters of
the unground drug. Light-line macrosclereids of testa, large starch grains with star hilum in
parenchyma, and sclereids with brownish substance are characteristic.
Packaging and storage Senegalia Rugata Pod shall be kept in well-closed containers,
protected from light, and stored in a dry place.
Identification
      A. Heat 500 mg of the sample, in powder, with 10 mL of water on a water-bath for
15 minutes and filter. Shake 5 mL of the filtrate in a screw-capped tube for 15 seconds:
a persisting foam is produced for over 30 minutes.
      B. Carry out the test as described in the “Thin-Layer Chromatography” (Appendix 3.1),
using silica gel F254 as the coating substance and a mixture of 60 volumes of toluene,
35 volumes of ethyl acetate, and 10 volumes of formic acid as the mobile phase and allowing
the solvent front to ascend 8 cm above the line of application. Apply separately to the plate
as bands of 6 mm, 2 μL of solution (A) and 1 μL of solution (B). Prepare solution (A)
by sonicating 3 g of the sample, in No. 250 powder, with 60 mL of ethanol for 30 minutes and
filtering. Evaporate the filtrate to dryness under reduced pressure. Dissolve the residue in
2 mL of ethanol. For solution (B), dissolve 1 mg of lupeol in 0.5 mL of methanol. After removal
of the plate, allow it to dry in air, spray the plate with anisaldehyde TS, and heat at 105° for
5 minutes; the band corresponding to lupeol is violet (hR_f value 72 to 74). Nine violet bands
are also observed (Fig. 3).
Loss on drying Not more than 7.0 per cent w/w after drying at 105° to constant weight
(Appendix 4.15).
Foreign matter Not more than 2.0 per cent w/w (Appendix 7.2).
Total ash Not more than 5.0 per cent w/w (Appendix 7.7).
Ethanol-soluble extractive Not less than 19.0 per cent w/w (Appendix 7.12).
Water-soluble extractive Not less than 34.0 per cent w/w (Appendix 7.12).