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Thai Herbal Pharmacopoeia

สำนักยาและวัตถุเสพติด กรมวิทยาศาสตร์การแพทย์ กระทรวงสาธารณสุข

Bureau of Drug and Narcotic, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health

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Centella
Category Mild diuretic, anti-inflammatory, wound healing (topical).

BUABOK pp. 29‒37
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ผักหนอก (PHAK NOK)
Centellae Asiaticae Herba
Centella
Synonyms Asiatic Pennywort, Gotu Kola, Indian Pennywort, Indian Water Navelwort
Category Mild diuretic, anti-inflammatory, wound healing (topical).
Centella is the dried aerial part of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. (C. coriacea Nannf.,
Hydrocotyle asiatica L., H. lunata Lam., Trisanthus cochinchinensis Lour.) (Family
Umbelliferae), Herbarium Specimen Number: DMSC 1461, Crude Drug Number: DMSc 1261.
Constituents Centella contains triterpenoid saponins, including asiaticoside and madecassoside
and their aglycones which are asiatic acid and madecassic acid, respectively. It also contains
volatile oil, pectin, trace of alkaloids, etc.
Description of the plant (Figs. 1a, 1b) Slender trailing herb, rooting at nodes. Leaves
simple, 1 to 6 in rosette at each node, orbicular to reniform, more or less cupped, glabrous
and shiny above, paler beneath, 1 to 7 cm in diameter, apex rounded, base cordate, margin
entire, crenate, or usually repand-dentate; petiole (1–)4 to 10(–50) cm long. Inflorescence in
single umbel, bearing solitary or 2 to 5 together in the axils; peduncle shorter than petiole.
Flowers usually 3, middle one sessile, lateral ones pedicellate; involucres 2, ovate; petals 5,
minute, white or rose-tinged; ovary laterally flattened, style filiform. Fruit small,
compressed, about 8 mm long, orbicular to ellipsoid, manifestly ribbed, slightly hairy when
young.
Description Odour, characteris tic; taste, slightly bitter-sweet.
Macroscopical (Fig. 1a) Aerial part, greenish brown, rough and brittle; stem thin, long,
twis ted; leaves rennate or cordate, brittle; petiole long.
Microscopical (Figs. 2a–2d) Transverse section of the fresh leaf shows upper epidermis, a
layer of rectangular cells, polygonal and straight-walled in surface view;
stomata, anisocytic, some paracytic and rarely anomocytic. Palisade cells, a layer of large
columnar cells. Spongy cells, parenchymatous, some containing calcium oxalate crystals in
the forms of rosette aggregate or prism. Collenchyma, occurring beneath upper and lower
epidermises in the midrib. Vascular bundles, xylem in the upper part and phloem in the lower
part; vessels, annular, spiral, scalariform, or reticulate. Lower epidermis, a layer of
rectangular cells, slightly wavy-walled in surface view; stomata, anisocytic, paracytic or
anomocytic. Oil ducts, occurring beneath collenchyma in the middle of midrib.
Transverse sections of the fresh petiole and stolon show epidermal layer with cuticle.
Collenchyma, present. Parenchyma containing chloroplastids, oil droplets, spreading
circularly beneath collenchyma. Vascular bundles, collateral. The centre of petiole, hollow.
Unicellular trichomes may also be found, but rare, in the section near the base of petiole.
Centella in powder possesses the diagnostic microscopical characters of the unground
drug.

ตำรามาตรฐานยาสมุนไพรไทย

Thai Herbal Pharmacopoeia

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