กวาวเครือแดง (KWAO KHRUEA DAENG) -

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Thai Herbal Pharmacopoeia

สำนักยาและวัตถุเสพติด กรมวิทยาศาสตร์การแพทย์ กระทรวงสาธารณสุข

Bureau of Drug and Narcotic, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health

กวาวเครือแดง (KWAO KHRUEA DAENG)

Buteae Superbae Radix
Butea Superba Root
Category Androgen-like effect.

Butea Superba Root is the dried tuberous root of Butea superba Roxb. ex Willd.
[Plaso superba (Roxb. ex Willd.) Kuntze, Rudolphia superba (Roxb. ex Willd.) Poir.]
(Family Leguminosae), Herbarium Specimen Number: DMSC 5363, Crude Drug Number:
DMSc 1254.
Constituents Butea Superba Root contains isoflavones and their glycosides (e.g., biochanin A,
formononetin, prunetin).
Description of the plant (Fig. 1) Woody climber with tubers; bark pale greyish brown,
flaking; root tuberous, spindle, 1 to 1.8 m long, 8 to 15 cm in diameter, with red exudate
when cut. Leaves pinnately trifoliate, alternate; petiole 15 to 27 cm long, pubescent; terminal
leaflet broadly ovate or orbiculate, 13 to 27 cm long, 13.5 to 27 cm wide, apex cuspidate, base
broadly obtuse, cuneate or obtuse, margin entire, both surfaces brown tomentose when
young, lateral veins 7 to 9 pairs; lateral leaflet ovate, 15 to 25.5 cm long, 12 to 20 cm wide,
apex cuspidate, base oblique, margin entire, tomentose, lateral veins 6 to 8 pairs; petiolule
about 1 cm long; stipule triangular, 5 to 7 mm long, 2 to 3 mm wide; stipel acicular, 3 to 5 mm
long. Inflorescence racemose, terminal, 24 to 30.5 cm long; peduncle 1 to 4.5 cm long; bract
4 to 5 mm long, 1 to 2 mm wide. Flower orange-red, 8 to 9 cm long; pedicel 1.3 to 4.5 cm
long; calyx 1 to 1.2 cm long; corolla: standard ovate, 4 to 6.5 cm long, 1.8 to 3 cm wide,
densely silverly pubescent without and only at base within, apex acute, margin entire; wings
oblong, 4.5 to 7 cm long, 1 to 1.2 cm wide, apex acute, base oblique, tomentose on both
surfaces; keel elliptic, 6 to 6.5 cm long, 1.5 to 2 cm wide, apex acute, base oblique, margin
entire, densely silverly tomentose without and at margin within; stamens 10, diadelphous,
filament 6 to 8.5 cm long, anther elliptic, 4 to 5 mm long; ovary superior, oblong, 1.7 to 3 cm
long, 0.3 to 1 cm wide, densely tomentose, stalk 2.8 to 3 cm long, tomentose, style 5.7 to
6 cm long, sparely pubescent. Fruit a pod, oblong, 11 to 19 cm long, 2.9 to 4 cm wide, brown,
tomentose. Seed flattened, round or reniform, 2.8 to 3.2 cm long, 1.5 to 2 cm wide, brown.
Description Odourless; taste, slightly sweetish.
Macroscopical (Fig. 1) Dried sliced tuberous root, varied in shape and size; texture, hard,

tough, and fibrous; cut surface, light brown, with a small dark brown ring in the centre and
dark brown resinous ring adjacent to root bark.
Microscopical (Figs. 2a, 2b) Transverse section of the tuberous root shows cork, cortex, and
vascular tissue. Cork: several layers of brownish-walled rectangular cells. Cortex: layers of
brown, thick-walled, sclereids; parenchyma, containing starch grains and some with brown
substances; and groups of fibres. Vascular tissue: phloem and xylem; anomalous type; outer
region, radially arranged; inner region, radially arranged with some scattered small bundles.
Butea Superba Root in powder possesses the diagnostic microscopical of the unground
drug. Vessels with brown substances are characteristic. Parenchyma with both simple and
compound starch grains can be seen in abundance. Large bordered-pitted vessels, thick-walled
sclereids, and fibres with prismatic sheath may also be seen.

ตำรามาตรฐานยาสมุนไพรไทย

Thai Herbal Pharmacopoeia

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